The provision of water from the Great Artesian Basin to many parts of Australia's rangelands has brought mixed blessings for native plants and animals. Some species increase in abundance with closeness to water; others decrease in abundance. Strategies are needed to ensure survival of the decreasing species. The Biograze project has provided a set of planning principles and methods for practical wildlife conservation. These involve controlling the location of artificial waterpoints to develop regional networks of lightly grazed or ungrazed areas in which grazing sensitive plants and animals can flourish. Research indicates this can be done without significant reductions in pastoral productivity.